RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) uses a laser technique and fiberoptic endoscopy, which is a viewing tube that passes through the urethra and into the kidney to remove stones without making any incisions in the kidney. Under general, local, or regional anesthesia, this procedure is performed. This procedure is carried out by an experienced Urologist.

PCNL is a technique used to remove certain stones in the kidney or upper ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder) that are too large for other forms of stone treatment such as shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy.